The Cairo Metro, opened in 1987, is the oldest metro system in Africa, and ranks amongst the fifteen busiest in the world, with over 1 billion annual passenger rides. Cairo, like many other megacities, suffers from high levels of pollution and traffic. An additional 9.5 million inhabitants live close to the city. With a population of over 10 million spread over 453 km 2 (175 sq mi), Cairo is by far the largest city in Egypt. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence. Ĭairo has the oldest and largest film and music industry in the Arab world, as well as Egypt's oldest institution of higher learning, Al-Azhar University. Cairo is considered a World City with a "Beta +" classification according to GaWC. Cairo's historic center was awarded World Heritage Site status in 1979. Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life, and is titled "the city of a thousand minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture. It later superseded Fustat as the main urban centre during the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods (12th–16th centuries). Cairo was founded by the Fatimid dynasty in 969. Located near the Nile Delta, the city first developed as Fustat following the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 641 next to an existing ancient Roman fortress, Babylon. Ĭairo is associated with ancient Egypt, as the Giza pyramid complex and the ancient cities of Memphis and Heliopolis are located in its geographical area. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metropolitan area is the 12th-largest in the world by population with a population of over 22.1 million. Cairo ( / ˈ k aɪ r oʊ/ ⓘ KY-roh Arabic: القاهرة, romanized: al-Qāhirah, pronounced ⓘ) is the capital of Egypt and the city-state Cairo Governorate, and is the country's largest city, home to 10 million people.
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